根據近年各正式的英文寫作風格規範(2016 An Official Guide to the Form and Style of Federal Government Publishing [USA];2016 Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited Language & Style Guide;2016 American Management Association Style Guide for Business Writing等),關於日期的部分,凡是採月、日、年(例:December 31, 2016)者,在年的後面,需要再加上一個逗號(December 31, 2016,)。
以整句來看:
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, and are therefore the key audit matters.
而這背後的邏輯主要是同位語的概念。
同位語是指在一個「名詞或等同名詞」之後緊跟著另一個的「名詞或名詞相等語」。功能上,後一個「名詞或名詞相等語」用來說明(不需要逗號)或補充(需要逗號隔開)前一個「名詞或等同名詞」。這樣的關係即稱為「同位」。(這邊針對我們的狀況,僅先就補充部分說明)
例如:
1. My English teacher, Jason, told me that my English is very good.
(Jason是My English teacher的同位語)
2. DTTL, one of the best accounting firms in the world, is where I work.
(One of the best accounting firms是DTTL的同位語)
回到我們的句子:
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, and are therefore the key audit matters.
這邊2016是December 31的同位語,提供補充資訊,這December 31是屬於2016年的December 31,不是2015年或其他年份的。
那為何這邊是以補充而非說明處理呢?
因為,在閱讀財報時,其年度是已知的事,通常於英文財報封面就能看到這是哪一年的財報,再文中,或句子裡再提一次以做補充或提醒,又其非必要資訊不會影響閱讀者的理解,換句話說,其為可有可無的資訊,所以用補充的概念即可。
所以大家以後寫英文報告時,遇到月、日、年的時候,記得不單單在日跟年中間要用逗號隔開,在年的後面,別忘了那屬於同位語的標記喔~